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Giving a Presentation
Before looking at how to give a
presentation it would be worthwhile you taking a look at the related article on
this website entitled ‘How To Make A Speech’ as many of the skills you need to
be able to give a good presentation are very similar to those needed for
effective speech making so, in terms of considering your audience, the topics you’re
going to discuss, rehearsing and how to project your voice etc., please refer
to the speech making article for more tips on that aspect as they would be very similar for giving a presentation. This article, however, will look more at the
kinds of issues that tend to be more specific to presentations as opposed to
speeches with two of the most common factors being the use of visual aids and
audience participation.

Using Visual
Aids
Technology has become so advanced
these days that presentations can often be just as exciting and drama-packed as
watching a theatre production. They can incorporate pyrotechnics, sound
effects, background music and much more to create the effects the presenter
wants to give. However, if you’re asked to give a presentation at work you’re
less likely to be going too far ‘over the top’, yet there are still many ways
in which you can add value to your presentation and to keep your audience’s
attention more effectively than you might be able to in making a speech.
PowerPoint presentations can be highly
effective by putting the focus onto key elements within each section of a
presentation with the use of frames containing bullet points which can swoosh
in from the side or explode in to the centre of the screen and there are all sorts
of other effects in between. Then you can use a slide projector, overhead
projector, flip charts, posters and several other things besides. The important
thing to bear in mind when using visual aids is to ask yourself, “does the
visual aid add to an understanding of the information I’m trying to get
across?” If you can say ‘yes’ to that, then a visual aid should be used at that
juncture but if you can’t, don’t use one. Whilst they do liven up a
presentation, they should be used carefully to simply illustrate a particular
point, as opposed to being the focal point of the presentation. An obvious
example of where you could use a visual aid would be where you are explaining
sales figures and growth trends within your company, where just verbalising a
load of sales figures will have little impact. However, if you have a visual
aid which demonstrates a graph of these figures, then your audience are much
more likely to understand the importance of the figures you’re conveying to
them.
Logical
Running Order
Most of the best presentations run
in a logical sequence, beginning with point A going on to Point B and so on and
so forth. To keep your audience in touch with the significance of what you’re
talking about, it’s often a good idea to relay to them the order of events
before you begin. That way, they can adapt their minds in knowing the sequence
which will help them better understand how all the pieces fit together.
One of the best quotes about giving
presentations re-emphasises this point. Unlike a speech, a presentation is
often more of a set of jigsaw pieces which all interweave to form a complete
whole and this is why, when giving a presentation, it’s often important to
refer back and relate something you’ve already mentioned to something you’re
talking about 10 minutes later so, try to remember this famous quote as it will
help you when structuring your presentation. “Tell them what you’re going to
tell them, then tell them, then re-iterate what you have already told them.” It
might sound confusing but once you get to put a presentation together, you’ll
see the validity of this quote.
Common
Problems
Try to ensure that all of your
visual aids are set up and in the order they are meant to be used before you
give your presentation. There’s nothing worse than, say, using a slide
projector to illustrate the points you’re making only to find as you turn the
projector on that all of the slides are in back to front order. Your biggest
nightmare will be if your visual aids are powered by electricity and the supply
fails or the machine malfunctions. Obviously, this can never be predicted but
it’s a good opportunity to think on your feet and it’s also something you
should make a contingency for during your preparations. In other words, try to
have a back-up or rescue plan. The graph you’re displaying on a PowerPoint
presentation? Well, you could always have that drawn up on a Flip Chart as back
up, for example. In other circumstances, you may simply have to think on your
feet. For example, if you were going to demonstrate certain facts and figures
using a visual aid, are you able to take out the numbers and simply use words
to describe the points you are making in terms of general trends instead of
referring to specific figures. People will be able to tell the difference between
‘huge growth’ and a ‘slight increase’.
Often, a good way to get around a power
failure or a machine malfunction is to have prepared a handout in advance which
you can give to each member of your audience before you make your presentation.
Of course, don’t forget to keep one for yourself. That way, if you can’t use
your visual aids, each member of the audience should still have a hard copy
version containing the same kinds of diagrams, graphs, pictures etc. that you
intended to show and therefore, the presentation can go on in its original
form. Therefore, although highly effective, always think of visual aids as a
‘complement’ to your presentation but don’t rely on them.
Group
Presentation
In a group presentation, it often
gives you the chance to get out of the spotlight for a while and put others
into it. However, there are still issues you need to consider. Things like how
you’re going to introduce the next speaker and effect a smooth transition from
one speaker to the next will be important in maintaining the flow of your
presentation. Does each person also know what the other person is going to be
talking about? You don’t want to be duplicating information. It’s also
important that each person knows how long they have to speak and not to run
overtime as that will hamper the next person’s presentation.
Q&A
Finally, unlike a speech, a
presentation will usually involve a question and answer session with the
audience. This is often the trickiest part as you, as presenters, are not
likely to know exactly what questions you might face and your responses will
have to be totally unscripted. All you can do is to consider beforehand what
questions you think you might get asked and to prepare answers as best as you
can. And, if you’re part of a group, then you also need to ensure that any
answers you give as individuals do not conflict with the answers another group
member might have given as you’ll lose your credibility if you’re not all
‘singing from the same hymn sheet’.
So, similarly to a speech, preparation
is the key to giving a good presentation. Don’t overdo the visual aids but use
them effectively and have a back-up plan prepared in case the visuals fail.
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